abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer and is believed to represent epithelial and stromal proliferation. Because of the high heritability of breast density, and the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway in cellular proliferation and breast development, w...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Tamimi RM,Cox DG,Kraft P,Pollak MN,Haiman CA,Cheng I,Freedman ML,Hankinson SE,Hunter DJ,Colditz GA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Before any new methodology can be introduced into the routine diagnostic setting it must be technically validated against the established standards. To this end, a ring study involving five international pathology laboratories was initiated to validate chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) against fluor...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： van de Vijver M,Bilous M,Hanna W,Hofmann M,Kristel P,Penault-Llorca F,Rüschoff J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen-mediated proliferation is fundamental to normal mammary gland development. Recent studies have demonstrated that amphiregulin is a critical paracrine regulator of estrogen action during ductal morphogenesis. These studies implicate a critical role for amphiregulin in mammary stem cell differentiation as well ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： LaMarca HL,Rosen JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:We sought to review the available evidence regarding the effect of psychosocial factors on the survival of breast cancer patients. METHODS:We systematically searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify relevant studies. RESULTS:We identified 31 studies examining the association of various psych...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Falagas ME,Zarkadoulia EA,Ioannidou EN,Peppas G,Christodoulou C,Rafailidis PI

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cytokeratin (CK) 14, one of several markers expressed in normal myoepithelial/basal cells, is also expressed in a proportion of breast carcinomas. Previous studies have suggested that expression of such 'basal' markers predicts different biological behaviour, with more frequent lung and brain metastases an...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Fulford LG,Reis-Filho JS,Ryder K,Jones C,Gillett CE,Hanby A,Easton D,Lakhani SR

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and progression. Moreover, accumulated clinical and experimental data indicate that the outcome of an immune response toward an evolving breast ne...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： DeNardo DG,Coussens LM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Radiation exposure at a young age is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Germline mutations in genes involved in the DNA-damage repair pathway (DDRP) may render women more susceptible to radiation-induced breast cancer. METHODS:We evaluated the contribution of germline mutations in the DD...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Broeks A,Braaf LM,Huseinovic A,Nooijen A,Urbanus J,Hogervorst FB,Schmidt MK,Klijn JG,Russell NS,Van Leeuwen FE,Van 't Veer LJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha levels in invasive breast carcinoma have been shown to be an adverse prognostic indicator. Cellular HIF-1alpha activity is regulated by factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (FIH-1). In hypoxia, FIH-1 hydroxylation of Asn803 within the C-terminal transactivation...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Tan EY,Campo L,Han C,Turley H,Pezzella F,Gatter KC,Harris AL,Fox SB

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study was designed to determine if and how a non-toxic, naturally occurring bioflavonoid, galangin, affects proliferation of human mammary tumor cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that, in other cell types, galangin is a potent inhibitor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an environmental c...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Murray TJ,Yang X,Sherr DH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated tumor-stimulated osteolysis, and they have become standard therapy for the management of bone metastases from breast cancer. These drugs can also directly induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of osteotropic cancer cells, including estrogen receptor-po...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Journe F,Chaboteaux C,Magne N,Duvillier H,Laurent G,Body JJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Oestrogens can mediate some of their cell survival properties through a nongenomic mechanism that involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The mechanism of this rapid signalling and its dependence on a membrane bound oestrogen receptor (ER), however, remains controversial. The role of ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Lim KT,Cosgrave N,Hill AD,Young LS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The potential of applying data analysis tools to microarray data for diagnosis and prognosis is illustrated on the recent breast cancer dataset of van 't Veer and coworkers. We re-examine that dataset using the novel technique of logical analysis of data (LAD), with the double objective of discovering patt...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Alexe G,Alexe S,Axelrod DE,Bonates TO,Lozina II,Reiss M,Hammer PL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various methods are available for the measurement of proliferation rates in tumours, including mitotic counts, estimation of the fraction of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemistry of proliferation-associated antigens. The evidence, advantages and disadvantages for each of these methods along with ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Beresford MJ,Wilson GD,Makris A

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at increased risk for developing both breast and ovarian cancer. It has been suggested that carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations may also be at increased risk of having recurrent (three or more) miscarriages. Several reproductive factors have been shown to influence the risk ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Friedman E,Kotsopoulos J,Lubinski J,Lynch HT,Ghadirian P,Neuhausen SL,Isaacs C,Weber B,Foulkes WD,Moller P,Rosen B,Kim-Sing C,Gershoni-Baruch R,Ainsworth P,Daly M,Tung N,Eisen A,Olopade OI,Karlan B,Saal HM,Garber

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Recent studies have demonstrated that members of the GATA-binding protein (GATA) family (GATA4 and GATA5) might have pivotal roles in the transcriptional upregulation of mucin genes (MUC2, MUC3 and MUC4) in gastrointestinal epithelium. The zinc-finger GATA3 transcription factor has been reported to be invo...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Abba MC,Nunez MI,Colussi AG,Croce MV,Segal-Eiras A,Aldaz CM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex network of antigen-presenting cells that have an essential role in the modulation of primary immunity. There has been increasing evidence that DCs isolated from patients with malignancy demonstrate functional deficiencies that inhibit the capacity to mount an effective anti-tumor re...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Lenahan C,Avigan D

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is very active at degrading extracellular matrix. It is under the influence of an activator, membrane type 1 MMP (MMP-14), and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP)-2. We hypothesized that the individual expression of these three markers or their balance may help ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Têtu B,Brisson J,Wang CS,Lapointe H,Beaudry G,Blanchette C,Trudel D

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that early detection of breast cancer has great impact on patient survival, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. In a widely recognized model of breast cancer development, tumor cells progress through chronological and well defined stages. However, the molecular basis of disease prog...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Rennstam K,Hedenfalk I

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Obesity has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Increased peripheral production of estrogens has been regarded as the main cause for this association, but other features of increased body fat mass may also play a part. Leptin is a protein produced mainly by adipose tissu...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Stuedal A,Ursin G,Veierød MB,Bremnes Y,Reseland JE,Drevon CA,Gram IT

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative framework for the investigation of familial breast cancer. Based in Australia, the primary aim of kConFab is to facilitate high-quality research by amassing a large and comp...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Mann GJ,Thorne H,Balleine RL,Butow PN,Clarke CL,Edkins E,Evans GM,Fereday S,Haan E,Gattas M,Giles GG,Goldblatt J,Hopper JL,Kirk J,Leary JA,Lindeman G,Niedermayr E,Phillips KA,Picken S,Pupo GM,Saunders C,Scott CL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:AIB1, located at 20q12, is a member of the steroid hormone coactivator family. It contains a glutamine repeat (CAG/CAA) polymorphism at its carboxyl-terminal region that may alter the transcriptional activation of the receptor and affect susceptibility to breast cancer through altered sensitivity to hormon...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Montgomery KG,Chang JH,Gertig DM,Dite GS,McCredie MR,Giles GG,Southey MC,Hopper JL,Campbell IG

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern breast cancer radiotherapy aims to increase uncomplicated cure rates. A priority is reduction of late effects which include chronic chest wall or breast pain, poor cosmesis, and cardiac toxicity. As breast screening detects early cancers we may be able to safely restrict irradiation postlumpectomy to the tumour...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Ross G

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Studies on the association between the cytochrome P450c17alpha gene (CYP17) 5'-untranslated region MspA1 genetic polymorphism and breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. Higher levels of estrogen have been reported among young nulliparous women with the A2 allele. Therefore we assessed the im...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Verla-Tebit E,Wang-Gohrke S,Chang-Claude J

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is typically withheld from breast cancer survivors because of concerns about risk for recurrence. Our objectives were to estimate the effects of HT on recurrence in breast cancer survivors and to examine the reliability of these estimates. METHODS:In a systematic review of ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Col NF,Kim JA,Chlebowski RT

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain laminins of vascular basement membranes have been identified in human breast tumors and brain gliomas that share the same beta1 chain. These laminins are new carcinoma angiogenic markers and might represent potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy. ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Holler E

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL confer resistance to apoptosis, thereby reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. We examined the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells, with the aim of developing specific targeted therapy. METHODS:Four human breast cancer c...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Emi M,Kim R,Tanabe K,Uchida Y,Toge T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:It has been suggested that individuals with reduced DNA repair capacities might have increased susceptibility to environmentally induced cancer. In this study, we evaluated if polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC1 (Arg280His, Arg399Gln) and XPD (Lys751Gln) modify individual breast cancer risk, with empha...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Metsola K,Kataja V,Sillanpää P,Siivola P,Heikinheimo L,Eskelinen M,Kosma VM,Uusitupa M,Hirvonen A

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) differentially modulates breast epithelial cell growth through insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent and IGF-independent pathways and is a direct (IGF-independent) growth inhibitor as well as a mitogen that potentiates EGF (epidermal growth factor...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Vestey SB,Perks CM,Sen C,Calder CJ,Holly JM,Winters ZE

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:We showed in a previous study that prenylated proteins play a role in estradiol stimulation of proliferation. However, these proteins antagonize the ability of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha to stimulate estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent transcriptional activity, potentially through the formation of ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Cestac P,Sarrabayrouse G,Médale-Giamarchi C,Rochaix P,Balaguer P,Favre G,Faye JC,Doisneau-Sixou S

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the stroma in which carcinomas arise has been previously regarded as a bystander to the clonal expansion and acquisition of malignant characteristics of tumor cells, it is now generally acknowledged that stromal changes are required for the establishment of cancer. In the present article, we discuss three rec...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Barcellos-Hoff MH,Medina D

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In 2001, data from the California Cancer Registry suggested that breast cancer incidence rates among non-Hispanic white (nHW) women in Marin County, California, had increased almost 60% between 1991 and 1999. This analysis examines the extent to which these and other breast cancer incidence trends could ha...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Phipps AI,Clarke CA,Ereman RR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:MBD2, the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD)2, is a major methylation related gene and functions as a transcriptional repressor that can specifically bind to the methylated regions of other genes. MBD2 may also mediate gene activation because of its potential DNA demethylase activity. The presen...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Zhu Y,Brown HN,Zhang Y,Holford TR,Zheng T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several anthropometric measures have been found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. Current weight, body mass index, and adult weight gain appear to be predictors of postmenopausal breast cancer. These factors have been associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. We asked whet...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Kotsopoulos J,Olopado OI,Ghadirian P,Lubinski J,Lynch HT,Isaacs C,Weber B,Kim-Sing C,Ainsworth P,Foulkes WD,Eisen A,Sun P,Narod SA

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies indicate that constitutive signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a cause of treatment resistance in breast cancer patients. This implies that patients with tumors that exhibit aberrant PI3K signaling may benefit from targeted pathway inhibitors. The first agents to make ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Crowder RJ,Ellis MJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates multiple cellular processes including growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility and apoptosis. In breast carcinoma, FAK overexpression has been linked to cancer progression but the prognostic relevance remains unknown. In particular, with regard to lymph node-negativ...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Schmitz KJ,Grabellus F,Callies R,Otterbach F,Wohlschlaeger J,Levkau B,Kimmig R,Schmid KW,Baba HA

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Breast Cancer Site Group (BCSG) of the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group (CTG) has conducted a wide variety of clinical trials focussing on large phase III trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant hormonal therapy, and optimal delivery of adjuvant radiation therapy. The Group has al...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Pritchard K,Whelan T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase target of rapamycin, induces G1 arrest and/or apoptosis. Although rapamycin and its analogues are attractive candidates for cancer therapy, their sensitivities with respect to growth inhibition differ markedly among various cancer cells. Using human br...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Kasukabe T,Okabe-Kado J,Kato N,Sassa T,Honma Y

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvant hormonal therapy for postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer has become far more complex over the past several years. This commentary reviews the current status of the five major trials evaluating the use of the aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting. The data currently available suggest tha...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Ligibel JA,Winer EP

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The number of lymph nodes found to be involved in an axillary dissection is among the most powerful prognostic factors in breast cancer, but it is confounded by the number of lymph nodes that have been examined. We investigate an idea that has surfaced recently in the literature (since 1999), namely that t...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： Vinh-Hung V,Verschraegen C,Promish DI,Cserni G,Van de Steene J,Tai P,Vlastos G,Voordeckers M,Storme G,Royce M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) (CD166) is an immunoglobulin molecule that has been implicated in cell migration. The present study examined the expression of ALCAM in human breast cancer and assessed its prognostic value. METHODS:The immunohistochemical distribution and location of ALC...

journal_title：Breast cancer research : BCR

authors： King JA,Ofori-Acquah SF,Stevens T,Al-Mehdi AB,Fodstad O,Jiang WG

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00